To amuse, entertain and to deal with actual
or various experience in different ways; Narratives deal with problematic events
which lead to a crisis or turning point of some kind, which in turn finds 2
resolution.
Analysis the Generic
Structure
Orientation: It sets the scene and introduces the
participants/characters. In that parrot story, the first paragraph is the
orientation where reader finds time and place set up and also the participant
as the background of the story. A man and his parrot took place once time.
Complication: It explores the
conflict in the story. It will show the crisis, rising crisis and climax of the
story. In the parrot story, paragraph 2, 3, 4 are describing the complication.
Readers will find that the man face a problem of why the parrot can not say
Catano. To fix this problem, the man attempted to teach the bird. How hard he
tried to teach the bird is the excitement element of the complication.
Resolution: It shows the situation which the problems have been resolved. It
must be our note that “resolved” means accomplished whether succeed or fail. In
the last paragraph of the smartest parrot story, readers see the problem is
finished. The parrot could talk the word which the man wanted. The parrot said
the word with higher degree than the man taught the word to it. That was the
smartest parrot.
The Smartest Parrot
Once upon time, a man had a wonderful parrot. There was no
other parrot like it. The parrot could say every word, except one word. The
parrot would not say the name of the place where it was born. The name of the
place was Catano.
The man felt excited having the smartest parrot but he
could not understand why the parrot would not say Catano. The man tried to
teach the bird to say Catano however the bird kept not saying the word.
At the first, the man was very nice to the bird but then he
got very angry. “You stupid bird!” pointed the man to the parrot. “Why can’t
you say the word? Say Catano! Or I will kill you” the man said angrily.
Although he tried hard to teach, the parrot would not say it. Then the man got
so angry and shouted to the bird over and over; “Say Catano or I’ll kill you”.
The bird kept not to say the word of Catano.
One day, after he had been trying so many times to make the
bird say Catano, the man really got very angry. He could not bear it. He picked
the parrot and threw it into the chicken house. There were four old chickens
for next dinner “You are as stupid as the chickens. Just stay with them” Said
the man angrily. Then he continued to humble; “You know, I will cut the chicken
for my meal. Next it will be your turn, I will eat you too, stupid parrot”.
After that he left the chicken house.
The next day, the man came back to the chicken house. He opened
the door and was very surprised. He could not believe what he saw at the
chicken house. There were three death chickens on the floor. At the moment, the
parrot was standing proudly and screaming at the last old chicken; “Say Catano
or I’ll kill you”.
contoh soal narrative text
The Three Sheiks and Queen of Arabia
Maura, who liked to be thought of as the most beautiful and powerful queen of Arabia, had many suitors. One by one she discarded them,
until her list was reduced to just three sheiks, all equally young and
handsome, rich and strong. It was very hard to decide who would be the best of
them.
One evening, Maura disguised herself and went to the camp of the three sheiks,
as they were about to have dinner, and asked them for something to eat.
The first gave her some leftover food; the second gave her some unappetizing
camel's tail; the third sheik, who was called Hakim, offered her some of the
most tender and tasty meat. After dinner, the disguised queen left the sheiks'
camp.
The following day the queen invited the three sheiks to dinner at her palace.
She ordered her servants to give each one exactly what they had given her the
evening before.
Hakim, who received a plate of delicious meat, refused to eat it if the other
two could not share it with him, and this act finally convinced Queen Maura
that he was the man for her.
"Without question, Hakim is the most generous of you," she announced
her choice to the sheiks." So it is Hakim I will marry."
1. What does the story teach us ?
A. If we want to give something to other people, we shall give the best.
B. Do not be cowards.
C. Be the cowards.
D. As a beggar.
E. Don’t be lazy.
2. The three sheiks were not ........
A. rich
B. young
C. strong
D. gloomy
E. handsome
3. Which statement is TRUE about the queen ........
A. The queen was the most powerful queen in Africa.
B. The queen was very proud of her beauty and riches.
C. The queen herself served the sheiks with delicious food.
D. The queen was very careful in deciding whom she would mary.
E. The queen was very satisfied with the food given by the sheiks.
4. The Queen ordered her servants to give the sheiks the same kind of food she
got from the evening before because ........
A. she wanted to entertain her guests
B. she wanted to test the sheiks's taste
C. she wanted to see the sheiks's reactions
D. she wanted to make a joke of the sheiks
E. she wanted to repay the sheik's kindness
5. The main idea of paragraph six is ........
A. Hakim was an unselfish person.
B. Hakim was served with succulent meat.
C. Hakim was satisfied with the food served.
D. Hakim wanted to share the food with the sheiks.
E. Hakim had made the queen find the resolution of her problem.
Tiga sheik dan Ratu Saudi
Maura, yang suka dianggap sebagai ratu yang paling indah dan kuat dari Saudi,
telah banyak pelamar. Satu per satu dia membuangnya, sampai daftar nya
dikurangi menjadi hanya tiga sheik, semua sama-sama muda dan tampan, kaya dan
kuat. Itu sangat sulit untuk memutuskan siapa yang akan menjadi yang terbaik
dari mereka.
Suatu malam, Maura menyamar dan pergi ke kamp dari tiga sheik, karena mereka
hendak makan malam, dan meminta mereka sesuatu untuk dimakan.
Yang pertama memberinya sisa-sisa makanan, yang kedua memberinya beberapa ekor
unta yang tidak menggugah selera, sheik ketiga, yang disebut Hakim, menawarinya
beberapa daging yang paling empuk dan lezat. Setelah makan malam, ratu menyamar
meninggalkan kamp para sheik '.
Hari berikutnya ratu mengundang tiga sheik makan malam di istananya. Dia memerintahkan
pelayannya untuk memberikan setiap orang apa yang mereka berikan dia malam
sebelumnya.
Hakim yang menerima sepiring daging lezat, menolak untuk memakannya jika dua
lainnya tidak bisa berbagi dengan dia, dan tindakan ini akhirnya yakin Ratu Maura
bahwa dia adalah orang untuknya.
"Tanpa pertanyaan, Hakim adalah yang paling murah hati," dia
mengumumkan keputusannya untuk para sheik "Jadi Hakim saya akan
menikah.".
1. Apa cerita mengajarkan kita?
A. Jika kita ingin memberikan sesuatu kepada orang lain, kita akan memberikan
yang terbaik.
B. Jangan pengecut.
C. Jadilah pengecut.
D. Sebagai seorang pengemis.
E. Don 't malas.
2. Ketiga sheik tidak ........
A. kaya
B. muda
C. kuat
D. suram
E. tampan
3. Pernyataan mana yang BENAR tentang ratu
........
A. ratu adalah ratu paling kuat di Afrika.
Ratu B. sangat bangga kecantikan dan kekayaan.
C. Ratu sendiri melayani sheik dengan makanan lezat.
Ratu D. sangat berhati-hati dalam memutuskan siapa yang dia akan mary.
E. ratu sangat puas dengan makanan yang diberikan oleh para sheik.
4. Ratu memerintahkan pelayannya untuk memberikan para sheik jenis makanan yang
sama dia dari malam sebelumnya karena ........
A. ia ingin menghibur tamu-tamunya
B. dia ingin menguji rasa sheik itu
C. ia ingin melihat reaksi para sheik itu
D. dia ingin membuat lelucon para sheik
E. dia ingin membalas kebaikan sheik itu.
5. Ide utama dari ayat enam adalah ........
A. Hakim adalah orang egois.
B. Hakim disajikan dengan daging segar.
C. Hakim puas dengan makanan yang disajikan.
D. Hakim ingin berbagi makanan dengan para sheik.
E. Hakim telah membuat sang ratu menemukan penyelesaian masalahnya.
RECOUNT TEXT
Social function : to retell past events
for the purpuse of informing and entertaining
.Generic Structure of Recount
1. Orientation: Introducing the
participants, place and time
2. Events: Describing series of event that
happened in the past
3. Reorientation: It is optional. Stating
personal comment of the writer to the story
Signifucant lexicogrammatical features
Focus on specific participants
Use material processes
Use of past tense
Focus on temporel sequence
example :
Earthqueke
I was driving along the coast road when the
car suddenly lurched to one side. At first
I thought a tyre had gone, but then I saw
telegraph poles callspsing like matchssticks.
The rooks came tumbling a cross the road
and I had to abandon the car.
When I got back town, wen, as I said, there
wasn’t much left.
1. What type of tense is used by the
writer?
a. Narrative
b. Report
c. recount
d. New items
e. anecdote
2. The communication Purpuse of this text
is…..
a. To retell events for the purpuse of
imforming
b. To present perspective point about an issue
c. To describe the way they are
d. To acknowlegne readers about informative
events
e. To share an amusing incident.
3. The Organization of text above is….
a. Orientation, event, event, twist
b. Orientation, evaluation, Interpretative
recount, evaluation, explanation, explanation.
c. General statement, explanation,
explanation, explanation
d. Thesis, aqument, rexommentation
e. Orientation, event, event, event.
4. To tell his/her pas experience, the
writer uses…..
a. Passive voice
b. disrect
speech
c. Reported speech
d. Simple past tense
e. Simple present tense
5. The faswer we finish, the…..we can leave
a. Soon
b. Sooner
c. The soonest
d. As soon
e. As soon as
DESCRIPTIVE TEXT
a. Social function
To describe a particular person, places, or thing or animal.
b. Generic structure
1. Identification (identifies phenomenon to be described)
2. Description describes parts, qualities, characteristic
c. Grammatical Features
1. Focus on specific participants
2. Use of attribute (e.g. possessive pronoun: mine, ours)
3. Frequent use of classifies (e.g. adjective: beautiful, long hair) in nominal
groups (some, many, any etc.)
4. Use of simple present tense
example :
My Nice
Student in My Class
I have a lot of student in my
class.One of them is Rasyid.He is nice student for me.
Rasyid is16 years old.He has
tall enough and looks healthy.Rasyid has short or little bit bald.He is 170 cm
height.His skin is tanned.His eyes are round black eyes.He has hat nose.Because
he is kind and clever, many female students wants to be his girlfriend.But he
is too shy to have relationship with a girl.
Read
the descriptive
The Scotch Terrier was as cute
as a kitten as it sat in the kennel. I was so surprised that no one wanted to
take it home. It had a green bow and floppy ears. I asked my mom if I could
have that dog, but she said no because I
wouldn’t be able to take care of it. I asked the man that owned the kennel if I
could hold the puppy. He said “Sure” When I opened the cage the cuddly puppy
ran up to me, jumped on me and licked me! I let my mom hold the pup and she
just couldn’t resist getting the dog because it was so soft and cuddly! I was
so happy that got my own puppy to love! I also gave him a name and it was
Christmas because I got him 2 days before Christmas. I have kept the green bow he
green bow he had on, to remind me of the day I got him.
1. The passage above is …….text
a. Narative
b. Exposition
c. Recount
d. News Report
e. Descriptive
2. What is Scotch terrier?
a. a kind of dog
b. a kind of a kitten
c. a kind of a cat
d. a kind of a rabbit
e. a kind of a mice
3. Why does the writer mention that Scotch
terrier is as a kitten?
a. Because it looks like a cat
b. Because it is small and has many similarities as a kitten
c. Because it lives in a kennel and puts on a bow
d. Because it has heavy fur and short ears
e. None of the above options
4. Why didn’t the writer’s mom at first
allow har lo take care of it?
a. Because she thought that she wouldn’t like
it
b. Because she thought that she wouldn’t much time to spend to it
c. Because she thought that it would dirt the house
d. Because she thought that it was expensives to buy
e. Because she thought that she would not be able to take care of it.
5. What did the writer call her Scotch?
a. Puppy
b. Cuddly
c. Christimas
d. Scotch
e. Terries
Report Text
Definition of Report
Report is a text which presents information about something, as it is. It is as
a result of systematic observation and analysis
Generic Structure of Report
1. General classification: Stating classification of general aspect of thing;
animal, public place, plant, etc which will be discussed in general
2. Description: Describing the thing which will be discussed in detail; part
per part , customs or deed for living creature and usage for materials
Language Feature of Report
• Introducing group or general aspect
• Using conditional logical connection; when, so, etc
• Using simple present tense
Example of Report Text
Birds are interesting
flying animals. They are vertebrates and warm blooded animals. They belong to
aves class and they can be found all over the world.
Birds breath with their air pocket. Beside as respiration organ, air pocket
also can enlarge or reduce their weight when flying or swimming
There are many kinds
of birds. Earth bird has special characteristic. They have different morphology
acording to their food and their habitat. Some of them eat seeds, pollen, fish
or meat. There are some species that live in land and the others live in water.
Land birds live on their nest.
Female birds have
specific tasks. they lay eggs and feed their baby, Beside that they look for
foods for their baby.
In early societies
money was unknown and man relied on a simple system of exchange. Perhaps a good
hunter had more animal skins than he could use. His neighbor, a good fisherman
might have too many fish, but needed furs to protect his children from the
cold. Both soon realized that to solve their problems they could exchange their
surplus.
This method of exchanging is called
'barter'. The word comes from the French barater.
Barter was important when the needs were mostly for clothing, food, and
shelter. but the system had its problems. For example, a weaver who wanted to
change his cloth for a good catch of fish might not be able to find a fisherman
who needed cloth. And a farmer with too much corn might not be able to find a
hunter with too many deer. When labor and services became more specialized,
barter no longer could function of 'payment'. A new system had to be found.
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1.
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People bartered because .............
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2.
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Paragraph 3 is about ....................
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3.
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'Both' soon realized that to solve their
problems they could ...... ( par 1)
Both refers to ...................
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4.
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Barter was important until ..........
(Par 3 )
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5.
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An antonym of 'to protect' is
................
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Procedure text
Procedure is the set of steps which should be completed in the right sequence
to get the goal. In our daily life, we often have to perform some steps to make
or get something done. For example, early in the morning, you help your mother
prepare cups of tea for all members of your family. In making cups of tea, you
have to follow certain procedure in order to get a nice drink. Most of our
daily activities are related with procedures. That is why, you should
understand what a procedure text is, how to make and use it.
The
generic structure of procedure has three principal components
namely
(1) the goal,
(2) materials and
(3) steps.
A. Generic Structure of procedure
1. Goal : Title of the text (especially for a recipe)
2. Materials : Optional, not for all procedural texts
3. Steps : a series steps oriented to achieving the Goal
B. Generic Features
1. The use of Simple Present Tense, often in an imperative form e.g. Add some
sugar, prepare it,.
2. The use mainly of temporal conjunction (or numbering to indicate sequence
especially in written text)
He Procedure of Making Meatballs
What you need for the ingredients
1 kilo of very fine minced meat (preferably
beef)
2 eggs
300 grams of tapioca-flour
4-8 cloves of garlic
1 red onion
1 teaspoon of white pepper
The steps to make meatballs
These steps are instruction on how to make meatballs, just meatball, the soup
is Made separately.
First of all,mix garlic, red onion, salt, and white pepper in a mortar or
mixer.
Second step, mix the spice-mixture with the eggs, the tapioca-flour and the
minced meat.
After that, use your fingers, add a cup of water, and keep on working until the
mixture feels soft and smooth.
Then, boil some water in a rather large pot, at least about 2 liters.
Next step, start rolling the mixture into small meatballs.
Finally, lower the meatballs into the boiling water. When they float up to the
surface the meatball are ready to serve.
. 4 Large tornatoes . spices
. 1 small onion . ½ teaspoon
of salt
. 8 cups of water . ¼ teaspoon of
pepper
. small clove garlic . ¼ teaspoon of
butter
Cut tomatoes, union, and garlic into small
pieces
Fry them in a pan with butter for five
minutes
Add water, spices, salt and pepper
Heat until the water boils
Turn down the heat and cover with lid. Cook
gently for one hour and Soup are ready to serve
1. What is the best title for the text ?
a. the soup
b. the hot soup
c. the delicious soup
d. the tomato soup
e. the boiled soup
2. How many methods of step are listed in
the text?
a. four
b. Five
c. None
d. Eight
e.nine
3. What is the goal of the text ?
a. How to make the tomato soup
b. How to make the hot soup
c. How to make the delicious soup
d. How to make the soup
e. How to make the boiled soup
4. What is the type of the text ?
a. Narrative text
b. Procedure text
c. descriptive text
d. recount text
e. news item text
5. How long do we cook it gently ?
a. Four hour
b. Five hour
c. Two hour
d. Eight hour
e. One horu
Spoof text
Spoof
Text-Definition and Social Function of Spoof
Spoof is a text
which tells factual story, happened in the past time with unpredictable and
funny ending. Its social function is to entertain and share the story.
Generic
Structure of Spoof
1. Orientation
2. Events
3. Twist
Language Feature
of Spoof
1. Focusing on
people, animals or certain things
2. Using action
verb; ate, ran, etc
3. Using adverb
of time and place
4. Told in
chronological order.
example
Penguin
in the Park
Once a man was walking in a park when he
across a penguin. He took it to a policeman and said; "What should I
do?" The policeman replied; "Take it to the zoo!".
The next day, the policeman saw the man
in the same park. The man was still carrying the penguin. The policeman was
rather surprised and walked up to the man and asked; "Why are you still
carrying the penguin? Didn't you take it to the zoo?" The man replied;
"I certainly did. And it was a great idea because the penguin really
enjoyed it. So, today I am taking it to the movie".
Fluffy Bunny
Rabbit
After a long day at the office, Chris came home one day and found his dog with
the neighbour’s pet rabbit in his mouth. The rabbit was obviously dead. Chris
panicked!
“If my neighbours find out my dog killed their bunny, they’ll hate me forever,”
he thought.
So he took the dirty, chewed up rabbit into the house, gave it a bath and
blow-dried its fur.
Chris knew his neighbours kept their backdoor open during the summer, so he
sneaked inside and put the bunny back into the cage, hoping his neighbours
would think it died of natural causes.
A couple of days later Chris and his neighbour saw each other outside.
“Did you hear that Fluffy die?” the neighbour asked.
“Oh. Uhmm... Sorry to hear that. What happened?” Chris mumbled.The neighbor
replied, “We just found him dead in his cage one day. But the strange thing is
that the day after we buried him, we went out to dinner and someone must have
dug him up, gave him a bath and put him back into the cage!”
Choose one correct answer based on the
text.
1. What does the story tell us?
a. A rabbit and a dog
b. A boy who petted a rabbit
c. Neighbourhood in America
d. A boy who tried to maintain neighbourhood.
e. A boy who was angry with his neighbours because their dog killed his rabbit.
2. What was his dog doing when Chris found it?
a. The dog was barking at a thief.
b. The dog was digging the neighbour’s field.
c. The dog was eating the rabbit.
d. The dog was killing the rabbit.
e. The dog was carrying a dead rabbit in its mouth.
3. What did Chris think of his neighbour’s rabbit?
a. It was alive.
b. It was killed by his dog.
c. It was funny.
d. It was stinky because it was already dead.
e. He was upset because his neighbor did not bury it.
4. How did Chris cover up the death of the rabbit?
a. By cleaning it and then putting it in his neighbour’s house.
b. By burying it in the backyard.
c. By throwing it into his neighbour’s rubbish bin.
d. By bathing it and then burying it.
e. By replacing it with his own rabbit.
5. How did Chris get into his neighbour’s house?
a. Breaking the side window of the house.
b. Breaking the front door of the house.
c. Sneaking through the backdoor.
d. Using the key hidden below the doormat.
e. Passing the front gate of the house.
Analytical Exposition
An analytical exposition is a type of spoken
or written text that is intended to persuade the listeners or readers that
something is the case. To make the persuasion stronger, the speaker or writer
gives some arguments as the fundamental reasons why something is the case. This
type of text can be found in scientific books, journals, magazines, newspaper
articles, academic speech or lectures, research report etc. Analytical
expositions are popular among science, academic community and educated people.
The generic structure of analytical exposition usually has three components: (1) Thesis, (2) Arguments and (3) Reiteration
or conclusion.
A.Generic Structure of Analytical
Exposition
1. Thesis : Introduces the topic
and shows speaker or writer’s position;
Outlines of the arguments are presented.
2. Arguments
: It consists about
Point and Elaboration Point, states the main argument
Elaboration, develops and
supports each point of argument
3. Conclusion
: Reiteration
(restatement), restates speaker or writer’s position
B. Generic Features of Analytical
Exposition
- An
analytical exposition focuses on generic human and non human participants.
- It uses
mental processes. It is used to state what the writer or speaker thinks or
feels about something. For example: realize, feel etc.
- It uses
emotive and evaluative words
- It often
needs material processes. It is used to state what happens, e.g. ….has
polluted… etc.
- It usually
uses Simple Present Tense and Present Perfect Tense.
- Enumeration
is sometimes necessary to show the list of given arguments: Firstly, secondly
…, Finally, etc.
Now look the sample of analytical exposition below!
Corruption and Indonesian Culture
Thesis:
Corruption has happened for many years and
today it becomes a bad culture in Indonesia for three reasons
Argument 1:
Most adult Indonesian or foreigners have known and admitted that corruptions
happen in many places. The daily newspapers, news programs on TV and radio have
reported corruptions are done everywhere, almost in all departments or public
services of this country. Corruptions happen in health, education departments
and banks. When we manage to get some documents in public service offices, we
usually need much money to pay. Manipulations happen everywhere
Argument 2:
The actions to eliminate corruption are weak. The ever stronger culture seems
not to come to an end when the responsible institutions who have to reinforce
the justice today commit corruption. This is the worst. Corruptions happen in
police department, courts where judges, public prosecutors, lawyers make deals
to do corruption. All of us also heard in the end of 2004, Probosutejo reported
that he had bribed the Supreme Court, or called Mahkamah Agung which becomes
the highest level where the justice can be obtained. Perhaps you have to try to
come to the local courts and see what happen there. You will see practices of
bribery and other kinds of corruption. Therefore, we can say that corruptions
becomes our culture. Do you like it?
Argument 3:
The citizens have no goodwill to fight against the corruption. They create the
situations in which people have opportunities to do corruptions. The citizens
like to break the rules because they are not disciplined. For example, in the
street when they drive a car or ride motorcycle, they do not have the driving
license or necessary documents. Then, they are caught by the local policemen.
To avoid more difficulties, they like to bribe the officer. The officer let
them go then. In other words, the citizens and officers are the same, doing
corruption together. If only the people were critical, disciplined, and obey
the rules, and willing to report any wrong behaviors, this country will not be
number one corrupting country in the world.
Reiteration/ conclusion:
Conclusion Based on the reasons, we can conclude that corruption is becoming a
bad culture in Indonesia
if it is not ended soon by all of us. It seems that there must be more severe
penalty for the Corruptors. Do we still care about the future of this country?
Written by Cahyono
The Importance of
Rainforests
Rainforests are one of the most
camplicated environments on Earth. They
are recognized worldwide as containing the rechest source of plants and
animals and are believed to countain nearly three- querters of all the
varieties of live on Earth. This is remarkable because rainforestc cover only
about six per cent of the Earth’s land surface.
Rainforest are the oldest major
ecosystem, having survived climate changes for more than one million years.
They provide habitats for more species of plants, animals, insects and birds
than any other environment found on our planet. Scientists estimate that
between 60 and 90 per cent of all species of life has caused a significant
decline in the number of plant and
animal species on Earts.
Rainforests influence both our local and
global climates. For example, between 50 and 80 per cent of the moisture in the
air above rainforests comes from the rainforest’s trees. If large of these lush
rainforests are cleared, the average rainfall in the area will drop.
Eventually,
the area’s climate will get hotter and drier. This process could convers
rainfall ub their leaves and mosses. By doing this, they are able to slow down
water run-off by gradually releasing the water over time into streams and
rivers. This helps to control soil erosion and flooding.
Rainforests are vital to Earth in helping to
recycle carbon and oxygen. Carbon dioxide
(C02) is
the gas put into the air globally by humans, mainly by the burning of fossil
fueis
(for
example in cars and factories). Rainforests are able to remove carbon dioxide
from the air and return oxygen in its place. This is why our global rainforests
are often called
The
Earth’lungs’. Rainforests are major producers of the Earth’s oxygen. In fact,
scientists believe that nearly 50 per cent of the Earth’s oxygen is produced by
rainforest in the Amazon region alone.
Nearly 40 per cent of the world’s carbon
is contained in the trees of the rainforests. As rainforests are cut down and
burned, carbon dioxide is released into the Earth’s atmosphere. Eventually, as
this gas buillds up the atmosphere, leading to what scientosts call the
enchanced effect. To sum up, the role of the rainforest is essential for human
life.
It
creates equilibrium in our environment and its resources are significant for
human beings survival.
1. The
text above is a ….text
a. Narrative
b. Analytical exposition
c. recount
d. descriptive
e. producedur
2. The
writer’s alm to write this is to….
a. argue about the importance of rainforest
b. expose analytically on the importance of
rainforest
c. inform us on the importance of
rainforest
d. Compare different rainforest in the
world
e. persuade the reader
3.
If large areas of these lush rainforests
are cleared, the average rainfall in the area will
drop
(paragraph 3).
The word these refers to…..
a. raiforest’s tress
b. climates
c. rainforests
d. moistures
e. desert
4. The
main idea of paragraph 1 is….
a. rainforests cover about six per cent of
the Earth’s land surface
b. nearly three-quarters of all the
varieties of life on Earth live in rainforest
c. rainforest is a complex environment where living and non living
things live
d. none of the options are correct
e. rainforest is the important natural
sources
5. The
climate condition is affected by the existence of rainforest. In which
paragraph
Can you find this idea?
a. Paragraph 1
b. paragraph 2
c. paragraph 3
d. paragraph 4
e. paragraph 5
Hortatory Exposition
- To persuade
the reader or listener that something should or should not be the case
- The reader
or listener is persuaded to agree with the writer’s or speaker’s point of
view/thesis
- Examples:
letters to the editor, newspaper editorials, political speeches
Generic Structure of Hortatory
Exposition
• Thesis
- announcement of issue concern
• Arguments
- reasons why there is concern leading to recommendation
• Recommendation
- statement of what ought or ought not to happen
Language Feature of Hortatory
Exposition
Ø Focusing on the writer
Ø Using abstract noun; policy, advantage, etc
Ø Using action verb
Ø Using thinking verb
Ø Using modal adverb; certainly, surely, etc
Ø Using temporal connective; firstly, secondly, etc
Ø Using evaluative words; important, valuable, trustworthy, etc
Ø Using passive voice
Ø Using simple present tense
Example
Title : Teenagers should be protected from
western culture
Thesis
statement : Indonesia
is becoming a world tourist destination
Arguments : 1. First, foreigners indirectly
bring their habitual activities to Indonesia and
At the some time our people whether you like it or not see it
( smoking, using, sexy
dress, and kissing in puclic space )
Arguments : 2. There is also reason which I
considered imprtant too. The government
Never tries to create
regulations that could minimite the impact of being a
World tourist destination.
For example : male and female foreigners are
free to stay in any hotels
Eventhough they are
married yet the worst thing is the local aut horities
Seems to do nothing
to hand this matter.
Recommandations : for those reasons, I
think our government should pay more attention
To this issue,
in my opinion at least the government should do such
Thing as.
1. The government should
include culture as a pact of school subjact
2. Culture centess
should be built in every edge of this country.
DISCUSSION
Social Function
To present (at least) two points of view
about an issue.
Generic Structure
1. Issue:
Statement
Preview
2. Arguments for against or statement of
differing points of view:
Point
Elaboration
3. Conclusion or recommendation
Significant Lexicogrammatical
Features
1. Focus on generic human and generic
non-human Participants
2. Use of:
Material Processes, e.g. has produced, have
developed, to feed
Relational Processes, e.g., is, could have,
cause are
Mental Processes, e.g., feel.
3. Use of Comparative, contrastive and
Consequential conjunctions
4. Reasoning expressed as verbs and nouns (abstraction).
Question :
Commercial breaks during television shows
generally generate one of two reactions: viewers will reach for the remote and
switch channels, or they will sit through the ads.
In recent survey by Marketing Research
Indonesia (MRI), some 47 percent of respondents switched channels during
commercial breaks, while 37 percent they sat through the ads.
In the survey of 711 people in Jakarta, Bandung, Semarang, Surabaya, Medan and Makassar; 83
percent of respondents suggested that the government strictly regulate the
content of TV ads.
Despite all the criticism, most respondents
agreed on the importance of TV ads to support broadcast programs. Some 80
percent saw the necessity of ads for the survival of TV stations.
Besides the advertisers and the advertising
industry, television stations should also take part in filtering quality ads to
show audiences. TV stations should take a stand in rejecting advertisements
considered to be of low quality.
1. What is the type of the above text?
a. exposition
d. description
b. discussion
e. report
c. explanation
2. What does the writer want
from the text?
a. to describe
commercial TV ads specifically
b. to explain
how TV ads are broadcasted in TV
c. to
present at least two points of view about TV ads
d. to describe
commercial TV ads generally
e. to persuade
the readers to advertise their product through TV ads
3. Why are TV ads indispensable
for TV? Because ….
a. they are
main income of TV
b. they
attract the audiences to watch TV
c. they
make the audiences switch the channels
d. they give
significant lesson to the audiences
e. they
determine the program availability
4. Which is TRUE according to
the text?
a. The
presence of ads has no effect on TV stations.
b. The TV
stations have no power to reject the low quality ads.
c. More
people agree with the importance of TV ads.
d. The viewers
give different reactions to the TV ads.
e. TV
broadcast needs no TV ads to run its programs.
5…. television stations should also take
part in filtering quality ads to show audiences.
The underlined words have synonymous
meaning with ….
a. separate
d. assemble
b. resemble
e. create
c. participate
REVIEW
Purpose: to critique or evaluate an art
work or event for a public audience
dominant Generic Structure:
1. Orientation
2. Evaluation
3. Interpretative Recount
4. Evaluation
5. Evaluative Summation
Dominant Language features:
1. Focus on specific participants
2. Using adjectives
3. Using long and complex clauses
4. Using metaphor
2012 Film Review
2012 is Roland Emmerich's film which uses the Mayan calendar and other
end-of-days prophecies for their doomsday scenario. It imagines the world
coming to an end in 2012.
2012 film brings off a series of wonders. The movie hits its peak early on. It
starts when Cusack drives a limo through the streets of Los Angeles as freeways and skyscrapers
crumble all around him from the shock of a 10.5 earthquake. The preposterous
flying sequence is equally thrilling. The climax occurs aboard the giant ark,
when an equipment malfunction almost threatens the entire mission.
Unfortunately, the crucial sequence is not filmed or edited with the requisite
clarity. In 2012 film, Emmerich leaves us befuddled as to exactly what is
happening to whom. However, Emmerich' 2012 deserves credit for offbeat casting.
Cusack supplies his trademark hangdog charm. McCarthy has perhaps his best role
ever as Peet's cocky. Danny Glover lends dignity to the role of the tormented
president. Chiwetel Ejiofor, as the chief scientist, brings a moving sense of
anguish to a stock role. Platt has fun playing the villain of the piece, and
Woody Harrelson also chews the scenery as a bug-eyed radio prophet trying to
warn his listeners about Armageddon.
All in one, 2012's cinematography, production design and visual effects are
awards-worthy. Music also propels the movie. It presents American Idol
runner-up, Adam Lambert, who provides a rousing anthem over the end credits.
ANECDOTE
Purpose: to share with others an account of an unusual or amusing incident
Generic Structure:
1. Abstract
2. Orientation
3. Crisis
4. Reaction
5. Coda.
Dominant Language Features:
1. Using exclamations, rhetorical question or intensifiers
2. Using material process
3. Using temporal conjunctions
Contoh
Anecdote:
Blessing Behind Tragedy
There was a black family in Scotland years ago. They were Clark family with nine children. They had a dream to go
to America.
The family worked and saved. They were making plan to travel with their
children to America.
It had taken several years but finally they had saved enough money. They had
gotten passport. They had booked seats for the whole family member in a new
liner to America.
The entire family was full of anticipation and excitement with their
new life in America.
However few days before their departure, the youngest son was bitten by a dog.
The doctor sewed up the boy. Because of the possibility of getting rabies,
there were being quarantined for long days. They were in quarantine when the
departure time came. The family dreams were dashed. They could not make the
trip to America
as they had planned.
The father was full of disappointed and anger. He stomped the dock
to watch the ship leaved without him and his family. He shed tears of
disappointment. He cursed both his son and God for the misfortune.
Five days latter, the tragic news spread throughout Scotland.
The ship, the mighty Titanic, had shank. It took hundreds of passenger and crew
with it. Titanic which had been called the unsinkable ship had sunk. It was
unbelievable but it was.
The Clak family should have been on that ship, but because of the
bitten son by a dog, they were left behind. When the father heard the news, he
hugged the son and thanked him for saving the family. He thanked God for saving
their lives. It was a blessing behind a tragedy. (Adapted from Look Ahead 2)
GenericStructureAnalysis:
Abstract: Everybody has a dream.
You have and so do I. When the dream will come true, there is something wrong
last minute before it. What will we feel? What will we do?
Orientation: the Clak family lived
in Scotland.
They had dream to travel to America.
They prepared well for their plan
Crisis: few days before they went
to America,
his youngest son was bitten by a dog. It made they were being quarantined. They
had to forget their plan.
Incident: the family was full of
disappointment and anger. The father was angry with his son and God. The family
failed to travel to America
and the father could not accept it.
Coda: the father thank to his son
when he hear the ship sank. He thank to God because of saving the family from
sinking. He thought leaving behind the ship was not a tragedy but a blessing.
NEWS ITEM
Purpose: to inform readers about events of the day which are considered
newsworthy or important
Dominant Generic Structure:
1. Newsworthy event(s)
2. Background event(s)
3. Sources
Dominant Language Features:
1. Short, telegraphic information about story captured in headline
2. Using action verbs
3. Using saying verbs
Examples and structures of the text:
Town Contaminated
Newsworthy events:
Moscow – A Russian journalist has uncovered evidence of another
Soviet nuclear catastrophe, which killed 10 sailors and contaminated an entire
town.
Background Events:
Yelena Vazrshavskya is
the first journalist to speak to people who witnessed the explosion of a
nuclear submarine at the naval base of shkotovo – 22 near Vladivostock.
The accident, which occurred 13 months before the Chernobyl
disaster, spread radioactive fall-out over the base and nearby town, but was
covered up by officials of the Soviet Union.
Residents were told the explosion in the reactor of the Victor-class submarine
during a refit had been a ‘thermal’ and not a nuclear explosion. And those
involved in the clean up operation to remove more than 600 tones of
contaminated material were sworn to secrecy.
Source
Sources A board of investigators was later to describe it as the worst accident
in the history of the Soviet Navy.
Explanation Text
Social Function: To explain the processes involved in the
formation or working of natural or sociocultural phenomena.
Generic Structure
A general statement to position the reader
A sequenced explanation of why or how
something occurs.
Significant Lexicogrammatical
Features
Focus on generic, non-human Participants
Use mainly of Material Processes and
Relational Processes
Use mainly of Temporal and causal
Circumstances and Conjunctions
The effects of acid soil
Soils with a pH of less than 7.0 are acid. The lower the
pH, the more acid the soil. When soil pH falls below 5.5, plant growth is
affected. Crop yields decrease, reducing productivity
Soils provide water and nutrients for plant growth and
development. Essential plant nutrients include phosphorus, nitrogen, potassium
and sulfur. Plants require other elements such as molybdenum, in smaller
quantities. Some elements eg aluminium and manganese, are toxic to plants.
Nutrients become available to plants when they are
dissolved in water. Plants are able to take up phosphate, nitrate, potassium
and sulfate ions in solution.
The solubility of nitients changes with pH. In acid soils
(low pH), molybdenum becomes less soluble and aluminium becomes more soluble.
Therefore, plant growth may be affected by either a deficiency of molybdenum or
too much aluminium.
Both crop and pasture plants are affected by acid soils.
there may be a range of symptoms. Crops and pastures may be poorly established
resulting in patchy and uneven growth. Plant leaves may go yellow and die at
the tips. The root system of the plant may be stunted. Crops may yield less.
Plants vary in their sensitivity to low pH. Canola and
lucerne are very sensitive to acid soils so do not grow well. Lupins and
triticale are tolerant to soils of low pH so they still perform well.
Land can become unproductive if acid soil is left
untreated. Incorporating lime into the soil raises the pH. Therefore, liming
soil can reverse the effects of acid soil on plants and return a paddock to
productivity.
What Causes Weather?
Thank's from Multi TECH ................
